Onychomycosis (Fungal Nail Infection)

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the toenail. It commonly causes the nail to become thickened, discoloured, brittle or crumbly. The nail may turn white, yellow or brown, and debris can collect beneath it. Although fungal nails are not always painful, a thickened nail may press against footwear, become difficult to cut or cause discomfort when walking.

The infection can develop when fungi enter through small areas of damage in or around the nail. Warm, moist footwear, excessive perspiration, athlete’s foot, nail trauma and using communal changing or shower areas may increase the likelihood of infection. Fungal nail infections can also spread between nails or from the surrounding skin.

Not every thickened or discoloured nail is caused by fungus. Injury, pressure, certain skin conditions and other health concerns can produce a similar appearance. A podiatrist can assess the nail and, where appropriate, recommend laboratory testing to help confirm the diagnosis before treatment begins.

Management depends on the number of nails affected, the severity of the infection and your general health. Treatment may include reducing the thickness of the nail to improve comfort, advice on foot hygiene and footwear, and the use of suitable topical antifungal preparations. Treatment can take time because a healthy toenail must gradually grow and replace the affected nail.

Keeping the feet clean and dry, treating athlete’s foot promptly, changing socks regularly and allowing footwear to dry fully can help reduce the risk of recurrence.

If you have noticed changes in the colour, thickness or texture of a toenail, please get in touch to arrange an assessment. Professional advice can help identify the likely cause and guide you towards safe, appropriate management.